Golomb rulers have been featured twice in the Computer Recreations column of Scientific American, which did much to popularize them. The most recent feature, and a nice introduction to the problems and their applications, can be found at [DewdeyGolomb85, DewdeyGolomb86].
Many additional references can be found at the following sites [RankinGolomb, ShearerGolomb, OptimalGolomb]
Descriptions of various generalizations (like Golomb rectangles) and additional bibliography can be found at [ShearerCombinatorial]
[DewdeyGolomb86]
Computer Recreations
Scientific American, 21,
mar
1986
[DewdeyGolomb85]
Computer Recreations
Scientific American, 16-26,
dec
1985
[ShearerGolomb]
James B. Shearer's Golomb ruler page
howpublished: https://web.archive.org/web/20171225101048/http://www.research.ibm.com/people/s/shearer/grule.html
[ShearerCombinatorial]
James B. Shearer's combinatorial computing page
howpublished: https://web.archive.org/web/20180113085724/http://www.research.ibm.com/people/s/shearer/comcomp.html
[OptimalGolomb]
The optimal Golomb rulers page
howpublished: https://web.archive.org/web/19981203104221/http://members.aol.com/golomb20/
[RankinGolomb]
W. Rankin's Golomb ruler page
howpublished: https://web.archive.org/web/20081222162850/http://people.ee.duke.edu/~wrankin/golomb/golomb.html